Indian Polity is an essential subject for aspirants preparing for the UPSC Civil Services Examination, SSC, State Public Service Commission exams, and other competitive exams. Having a solid understanding of the Indian Constitution, political institutions, and governance structure is critical for success. To help you in your preparation, we’ve compiled 80 important Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) covering various topics in Indian Polity.
1. Indian Constitution and its Features
- Which of the following is not a feature of the Indian Constitution?
- A) Federal system of government
- B) Single citizenship
- C) Strong central government
- D) Separation of powers between the executive, legislature, and judiciary
- The Constitution of India was adopted on:
- A) 15th August 1947
- B) 26th January 1950
- C) 26th November 1949
- D) 15th August 1950
2. Union Government
- Who appoints the Prime Minister of India?
- A) The President
- B) The Parliament
- C) The Chief Justice
- D) The Vice President
- Which of the following is the highest judicial authority in India?
- A) High Courts
- B) Supreme Court of India
- C) District Courts
- D) Lok Adalat
3. State Government
- The Governor of a State in India is appointed by:
- A) The President
- B) The Prime Minister
- C) The Chief Minister
- D) The Legislative Assembly
- Which of the following is true about the President of India?
- A) The President is directly elected by the people of India
- B) The President is elected by an electoral college consisting of the elected members of both Houses of Parliament and the Legislative Assemblies of States
- C) The President is nominated by the Prime Minister
- D) The President can only be removed by the Parliament through a vote of no-confidence
4. Constitutional Bodies
- Which of the following is not a constitutional body?
- A) Election Commission
- B) Union Public Service Commission
- C) National Human Rights Commission
- D) Finance Commission
- The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India is appointed by:
- A) The President of India
- B) The Prime Minister of India
- C) The Parliament
- D) The Chief Justice of India
5. Fundamental Rights
- Which of the following is not a Fundamental Right under the Indian Constitution?
- A) Right to Equality
- B) Right to Property
- C) Right to Religion
- D) Right to Education
- The Right to Constitutional Remedies is provided in:
- A) Article 21
- B) Article 32
- C) Article 51A
- D) Article 72
Answer: B) Article 32
6. Directive Principles of State Policy
- Which of the following is a Directive Principle of State Policy?
- A) Right to Property
- B) Right to Freedom of Speech
- C) Equal pay for equal work for both men and women
- D) Right to Education
Answer: C) Equal pay for equal work for both men and women
- Which article of the Indian Constitution deals with the Directive Principles of State Policy?
- A) Article 36–51
- B) Article 12–35
- C) Article 51A
- D) Article 1–5
Answer: A) Article 36–51
7. Judiciary
- Which of the following is a part of the basic structure of the Indian Constitution?
- A) Judicial Review
- B) Separation of Powers
- C) Independence of Judiciary
- D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
- The Judges of the Supreme Court of India are appointed by:
- A) The President
- B) The Prime Minister
- C) The Chief Justice of India
- D) The Parliament
Answer: A) The President
8. Amendments and Important Articles
- Which Article of the Indian Constitution gives the right to equality before the law?
- A) Article 14
- B) Article 19
- C) Article 21
- D) Article 15
Answer: A) Article 14
- The Indian Constitution can be amended under Article:
- A) Article 368
- B) Article 356
- C) Article 370
- D) Article 360
Answer: A) Article 368
9. Political Parties and Elections
- Which of the following is the national political party in India?
- A) Indian National Congress (INC)
- B) Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
- C) All India Trinamool Congress (TMC)
- D) Both A and B
Answer: D) Both A and B
- The President of India is elected for a term of:
- A) 4 years
- B) 5 years
- C) 6 years
- D) 7 years
Answer: B) 5 years
10. Union Territories and States
- Which state became the first state in India to be formed on the basis of language?
- A) Punjab
- B) Tamil Nadu
- C) Kerala
- D) Andhra Pradesh
Answer: A) Punjab
- Which of the following Union Territories was formed on the basis of the state of Jammu and Kashmir’s reorganization in 2019?
- A) Ladakh
- B) Chandigarh
- C) Puducherry
- D) Lakshadweep
Answer: A) Ladakh
11. Emergency Provisions
- Which article of the Indian Constitution deals with the Proclamation of Emergency?
- A) Article 352
- B) Article 360
- C) Article 356
- D) Article 370
Answer: A) Article 352
- The provision for National Emergency in India has been used in the year:
- A) 1962
- B) 1975
- C) 1990
- D) 2001
Answer: B) 1975
12. Miscellaneous
- Who was the first woman to become the President of the Indian National Congress?
- A) Sarojini Naidu
- B) Annie Besant
- C) Indira Gandhi
- D) Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay
Answer: B) Annie Besant
- Which of the following states has a bicameral legislature?
- A) Uttar Pradesh
- B) Bihar
- C) Tamil Nadu
- D) West Bengal
Answer: B) Bihar
13. Fundamental Duties
- Which article of the Indian Constitution contains the list of Fundamental Duties?
- A) Article 51A
- B) Article 32
- C) Article 14
- D) Article 21
Answer: A) Article 51A
- The Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution by the:
- A) 42nd Amendment
- B) 44th Amendment
- C) 52nd Amendment
- D) 61st Amendment
Answer: A) 42nd Amendment
14. The Union Legislature
- The Lok Sabha is also known as:
- A) The Council of States
- B) The House of the People
- C) The Upper House
- D) The House of Lords
Answer: B) The House of the People
- The Rajya Sabha is a permanent body, and it is not subject to dissolution. However, one-third of its members retire every:
- A) One year
- B) Two years
- C) Three years
- D) Five years
Answer: C) Three years
- The minimum age for a person to be elected as a Member of the Lok Sabha is:
- A) 21 years
- B) 25 years
- C) 30 years
- D) 35 years
Answer: B) 25 years
15. The Executive
- The Prime Minister of India is the leader of:
- A) The President’s Cabinet
- B) The Lok Sabha
- C) The Rajya Sabha
- D) The Council of Ministers
Answer: D) The Council of Ministers
- Who among the following is the ex-officio Chairman of the NITI Aayog?
- A) Prime Minister
- B) President
- C) Vice President
- D) Finance Minister
Answer: A) Prime Minister
- The President of India can declare a state of emergency under which article of the Constitution?
- A) Article 352
- B) Article 360
- C) Article 356
- D) Article 370
Answer: A) Article 352
16. Governance and Accountability
- Which of the following is the principal instrument of the Indian Government for securing accountability of the executive?
- A) Lok Sabha
- B) Judiciary
- C) Legislative Committees
- D) President
Answer: C) Legislative Committees
- The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) is accountable to:
- A) The Parliament
- B) The President
- C) The Prime Minister
- D) The Finance Ministry
Answer: A) The Parliament
17. Public Services and UPSC
- The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is constituted under which article of the Indian Constitution?
- A) Article 315
- B) Article 368
- C) Article 72
- D) Article 12
Answer: A) Article 315
- Which of the following is the largest recruitment agency in India for the selection of civil servants?
- A) Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
- B) Staff Selection Commission (SSC)
- C) Railway Recruitment Board (RRB)
- D) Public Service Commissions of states
Answer: A) Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
18. Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens
- Which of the following Fundamental Rights prohibits discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth?
- A) Right to Equality
- B) Right to Freedom
- C) Right against Exploitation
- D) Right to Life
Answer: A) Right to Equality
- Under which article, the Right to Education was made a fundamental right?
- A) Article 21A
- B) Article 15
- C) Article 22
- D) Article 19
Answer: A) Article 21A
19. The Judiciary
- The First Woman Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India was:
- A) Justice Ruma Pal
- B) Justice Fathima Beevi
- C) Justice Indu Malhotra
- D) None of the above
Answer: D) None of the above (Note: India has not had a woman Chief Justice yet.)
- The highest court of appeal in India is the:
- A) High Court
- B) Supreme Court
- C) District Court
- D) Sessions Court
Answer: B) Supreme Court
- Under which article, the Supreme Court of India has the power of Judicial Review?
- A) Article 13
- B) Article 32
- C) Article 226
- D) Article 368
Answer: A) Article 13
20. The President of India
- The President of India can use the power of pardon in which of the following situations?
- A) In cases of death sentences
- B) In cases of life imprisonment
- C) In cases of fines
- D) In cases involving armed forces
Answer: A) In cases of death sentences
- The President of India can address the Parliament only after being satisfied that the Constitution’s provisions are followed. Under which article is this mentioned?
- A) Article 87
- B) Article 71
- C) Article 71A
- D) Article 72
Answer: A) Article 87
21. State Legislative Assemblies and Councils
- Which states in India have a bicameral legislature (both Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council)?
- A) Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
- B) Bihar and Maharashtra
- C) Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka
- D) Bihar and West Bengal
Answer: B) Bihar and Maharashtra
- A Legislative Council in India can be created or abolished by:
- A) The President of India
- B) The Prime Minister
- C) The Parliament
- D) The Chief Minister of the State
Answer: C) The Parliament
22. International Relations and Foreign Policy
- Who is the Chief of the Indian Foreign Service (IFS)?
- A) The Prime Minister
- B) The President
- C) The Minister of External Affairs
- D) The Foreign Secretary
Answer: D) The Foreign Secretary
- Which of the following international organizations does India not belong to?
- A) United Nations
- B) BRICS
- C) European Union
- D) Commonwealth of Nations
Answer: C) European Union
23. Financial and Economic Provisions
- The financial powers of the Union Government are dealt with under which part of the Indian Constitution?
- A) Part XI
- B) Part XII
- C) Part XIII
- D) Part XIV
Answer: B) Part XII
- Which of the following is responsible for the control of the money supply in India?
- A) Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
- B) Ministry of Finance
- C) Planning Commission
- D) Comptroller and Auditor General
Answer: A) Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
24. Local Governance
- The 73rd Amendment of the Constitution relates to:
- A) Urban Local Bodies
- B) Panchayats
- C) Municipalities
- D) Local Government in States
Answer: B) Panchayats
- The term of office for the elected members of Panchayats is:
- A) 3 years
- B) 4 years
- C) 5 years
- D) 6 years
Answer: C) 5 years
25. The Constitution (Amendment) Process
- Which of the following amendments to the Indian Constitution is known as the ‘Mini Constitution’?
- A) 24th Amendment
- B) 42nd Amendment
- C) 44th Amendment
- D) 52nd Amendment
Answer: B) 42nd Amendment
- The power to amend the Constitution in India lies with:
- A) The President of India
- B) The Parliament of India
- C) The Supreme Court of India
- D) The Prime Minister of India
Answer: B) The Parliament of India
26. Governance at the Local Level
- Which of the following is true about the role of the Gram Sabha in Panchayati Raj?
- A) It is a committee of elected representatives
- B) It is a body of all the adult members of a village
- C) It only discusses legal matters
- D) It is not mandatory in all states
Answer: B) It is a body of all the adult members of a village
- The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act deals with:
- A) Rural Local Bodies
- B) Urban Local Bodies
- C) Panchayats
- D) Non-Governmental Organizations
Answer: B) Urban Local Bodies
27. The Vice President of India
- The Vice President of India is elected by the members of:
- A) The Parliament
- B) The Electoral College of all States
- C) The Prime Minister’s Cabinet
- D) The Legislative Assemblies of States
Answer: A) The Parliament
- Which of the following is the duty of the Vice President of India?
- A) To preside over the sessions of the Lok Sabha
- B) To act as the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha
- C) To act as the President in the absence of the President
- D) Both B and C
Answer: D) Both B and C
28. Parliamentary Procedures
- The maximum strength of the Lok Sabha is:
- A) 500
- B) 545
- C) 600
- D) 625
Answer: B) 545
- A no-confidence motion against the Government of India can only be introduced in:
- A) The Rajya Sabha
- B) The Lok Sabha
- C) Either the Rajya Sabha or the Lok Sabha
- D) The State Legislative Assemblies
Answer: B) The Lok Sabha
- Which of the following is NOT a power of the Rajya Sabha?
- A) Passing a Bill
- B) Impeaching the President
- C) Approving the Budget
- D) Ratifying Treaties
Answer: B) Impeaching the President
29. National Security and Defense
- The President of India is the Supreme Commander of:
- A) The Army
- B) The Navy
- C) The Air Force
- D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
- Which article of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to declare war or conclude peace?
- A) Article 74
- B) Article 352
- C) Article 370
- D) Article 153
Answer: B) Article 352
30. Federal Structure of India
- The term “Federal” is mentioned in the Indian Constitution under:
- A) Preamble
- B) Article 1
- C) The 7th Schedule
- D) The Union List
Answer: B) Article 1
- Which article of the Indian Constitution is related to the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List?
- A) Article 245
- B) Article 247
- C) Article 248
- D) Article 247
Answer: A) Article 245
31. Special Provisions for States
- Which article of the Indian Constitution provides special provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir?
- A) Article 370
- B) Article 371
- C) Article 371A
- D) Article 372
Answer: A) Article 370
- Under which article of the Indian Constitution, a special provision can be made for the states of North Eastern India?
- A) Article 371A
- B) Article 371
- C) Article 370
- D) Article 355
Answer: B) Article 371
32. Amendments and Key Provisions
- Which amendment of the Indian Constitution reduced the voting age from 21 years to 18 years?
- A) 42nd Amendment
- B) 44th Amendment
- C) 61st Amendment
- D) 73rd Amendment
Answer: C) 61st Amendment
- Which of the following is a part of the ‘Basic Structure’ doctrine of the Indian Constitution?
- A) Independence of Judiciary
- B) Federalism
- C) Secularism
- D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
33. Emergency Provisions
- In case of a national emergency, the President can alter the distribution of powers between the Union and the States under:
- A) Article 356
- B) Article 352
- C) Article 360
- D) Article 370
Answer: B) Article 352
- Which of the following can be declared during a state of emergency?
- A) Dissolution of the Lok Sabha
- B) Suspension of the Constitution
- C) Suspension of Fundamental Rights
- D) All of the above
Answer: C) Suspension of Fundamental Rights
34. Fundamental Rights and Duties
- Which of the following rights is known as the ‘Right to Personal Liberty’?
- A) Right to Equality
- B) Right to Freedom
- C) Right to Life
- D) Right to Property
Answer: B) Right to Freedom
- Which article of the Indian Constitution allows for the protection of individual rights against arbitrary arrest and detention?
- A) Article 22
- B) Article 23
- C) Article 21
- D) Article 32
Answer: A) Article 22
35. Political Parties and Elections
- The first general election in India was held in:
- A) 1947
- B) 1950
- C) 1951-52
- D) 1957
Answer: C) 1951-52
- The Election Commission of India is responsible for the conduct of elections to:
- A) The President and Vice President
- B) Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
- C) State Legislative Assemblies
- D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
36. National Integration
- Which of the following is the official language of the Union Government of India?
- A) Hindi
- B) English
- C) Both A and B
- D) Sanskrit
Answer: C) Both A and B
- Which of the following statements is correct regarding the National Integration Council (NIC)?
- A) It is headed by the President
- B) It is headed by the Prime Minister
- C) It has only state-level members
- D) It deals with economic policies
Answer: B) It is headed by the Prime Minister
37. Tribunals and Ombudsman
- The institution of the Lokpal and Lokayukta was created to address issues related to:
- A) Administrative Reforms
- B) Corruption in Public Offices
- C) Foreign Affairs
- D) Taxation
Answer: B) Corruption in Public Offices
- Which of the following is the primary function of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)?
- A) To prevent corruption in public offices
- B) To promote human rights and investigate violations
- C) To conduct regular elections
- D) To create laws for states
Answer: B) To promote human rights and investigate violations
38. Miscellaneous
- The President of India is elected by an electoral college consisting of:
- A) Elected members of the Lok Sabha
- B) Elected members of the Rajya Sabha
- C) Elected members of Legislative Assemblies of States
- D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
- Which of the following is the main responsibility of the Attorney General of India?
- A) Advising the President on legal matters
- B) Representing the Government of India in the Supreme Court
- C) Drafting the President’s speeches
- D) Both A and B
Answer: D) Both A and B
These questions on Indian Polity further enrich your understanding of the intricacies of the Indian Constitution, governance systems, and political structures. Whether you’re preparing for UPSC, SSC, or other competitive exams, these MCQs will help consolidate your grasp of important concepts and improve your exam readiness.
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Sidhant Singh is a highly accomplished professional educator with a diverse academic background. He holds a Master’s degree in History, an MSc in Electrical Engineering and a PhD, demonstrating his extensive knowledge and expertise in both the humanities and the sciences. His unique combination of skills enables him to offer a well-rounded perspective in his teaching and research, making him a valuable resource for students across various fields.