Physics is among the most interesting yet challenging subjects in Class 11. To assist you better in your preparation for your examination, here are 50 unique multiple-choice questions on different topics within Physics. These questions are designed to challenge your knowledge and understanding of key concepts. Answers to all these MCQs are given at the end of this blog post:.
Unit 1: Physical World and Measurement
- Which of the following is a fundamental quantity in physics?
A) Volume
B) Temperature
C) Mass
D) Power
Answer: C) Mass
Explanation: Mass is a fundamental quantity because it is not defined in terms of other quantities, unlike power or temperature, which are derived from other physical properties. - The unit of angular velocity is:
A) Radian
B) Radian per second
C) Meter per second
D) Meter per second square
Answer: B) Radian per second
Explanation: Angular velocity is the rate of change of angular displacement, and its unit is radians per second. - The dimensional formula for force is:
A) [M^1 L^2 T^-2]
B) [M^1 L^1 T^-2]
C) [M^1 L^-1 T^-2]
D) [M^2 L^-2 T^-2]
Answer: B) [M^1 L^1 T^-2]
Explanation: Force is defined as mass times acceleration, and its dimensional formula is [M^1 L^1 T^-2]. - Which of the following quantities is scalar?
A) Velocity
B) Displacement
C) Speed
D) Force
Answer: C) Speed
Explanation: Speed is a scalar quantity because it only has magnitude, whereas velocity and displacement are vector quantities that also have direction. - The dimension of Planck’s constant is:
A) [M^1 L^2 T^-1]
B) [M^1 L^2 T^-2]
C) [M^1 L^1 T^-1]
D) [M^1 L^2 T^-3]
Answer: A) [M^1 L^2 T^-1]
Explanation: Planck’s constant has the dimensions of action (energy × time), so its dimensional formula is [M^1 L^2 T^-1].
Unit 2: Kinematics
- The velocity-time graph for an object moving with uniform acceleration is:
A) A straight line parallel to the time axis
B) A straight line sloping upwards
C) A parabola
D) A straight line sloping downwards
Answer: B) A straight line sloping upwards
Explanation: In uniformly accelerated motion, velocity increases linearly with time, so the graph is a straight line with a positive slope. - The equation for displacement in uniformly accelerated motion is:
A) v = u + at
B) s = ut + (1/2)at²
C) v² = u² + 2as
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: All these equations represent different relationships between displacement, velocity, time, and acceleration in uniformly accelerated motion. - An object moves with uniform speed in a circular path. What is the type of acceleration?
A) Centripetal acceleration
B) Tangential acceleration
C) No acceleration
D) Constant acceleration
Answer: A) Centripetal acceleration
Explanation: When an object moves in a circular path at a constant speed, it experiences centripetal acceleration directed towards the center of the circle. - Which of the following is true about uniformly accelerated motion?
A) Speed remains constant
B) Acceleration remains constant
C) Displacement is zero
D) Velocity decreases linearly with time
Answer: B) Acceleration remains constant
Explanation: In uniformly accelerated motion, the acceleration is constant, which means the velocity increases (or decreases) by the same amount in equal intervals of time. - If a body is thrown vertically upwards, its velocity at the maximum height is:
A) Zero
B) Maximum
C) Infinite
D) Decreasing
Answer: A) Zero
Explanation: At the maximum height of a vertically upward throw, the velocity becomes zero before the body starts coming down due to gravity.
Unit 3: Laws of Motion
- Newton’s second law of motion states that the force acting on an object is proportional to:
A) Its mass
B) Its acceleration
C) Its velocity
D) Its momentum
Answer: B) Its acceleration
Explanation: Newton’s second law states that force is the product of mass and acceleration, i.e., F = ma. - The gravitational force is:
A) A contact force
B) A non-contact force
C) Both A and B
D) A force acting only on heavy objects
Answer: B) A non-contact force
Explanation: Gravitational force acts at a distance without physical contact between objects. - In which of the following situations does friction act as a driving force?
A) A book resting on a table
B) A car skidding on a wet road
C) A person walking on the ground
D) A box moving on a rough surface
Answer: C) A person walking on the ground
Explanation: In walking, friction between the feet and the ground helps to propel the body forward. - What is the unit of momentum?
A) kg·m/s
B) kg·m²/s
C) N·m
D) kg/s
Answer: A) kg·m/s
Explanation: Momentum is the product of mass and velocity, so its unit is kg·m/s. - If an object is in equilibrium, what is the net force acting on it?
A) Zero
B) Maximum
C) Infinite
D) Equal to its mass
Answer: A) Zero
Explanation: In equilibrium, the sum of all forces acting on the object is zero, meaning there is no net force.
Unit 4: Work, Energy, and Power
- Which of the following is the SI unit of energy?
A) Watt
B) Joule
C) Newton
D) Volt
Answer: B) Joule
Explanation: The SI unit of energy is the joule (J), which is also the unit of work. - Kinetic energy is directly proportional to:
A) Square of the velocity
B) Inverse of the velocity
C) Square root of the velocity
D) Cube of the velocity
Answer: A) Square of the velocity
Explanation: Kinetic energy (K.E.) is given by the formula K.E. = (1/2)mv², where v is the velocity, and it is proportional to the square of the velocity. - The work-energy theorem states that the work done by the net force on an object is equal to:
A) The potential energy
B) The change in kinetic energy
C) The product of force and distance
D) The power of the object
Answer: B) The change in kinetic energy
Explanation: The work-energy theorem states that the net work done on an object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy. - If a machine is 100% efficient, the work output is equal to:
A) Zero
B) The work input
C) The energy used
D) The power output
Answer: B) The work input
Explanation: In a 100% efficient machine, there are no losses, so the work output is equal to the work input. - Which of the following is the correct dimension of power?
A) [M^1 L^2 T^-2]
B) [M^1 L^2 T^-3]
C) [M^1 L^3 T^-3]
D) [M^2 L^1 T^-2]
Answer: B) [M^1 L^2 T^-3]
Explanation: Power is the rate at which work is done, so its dimensional formula is [M^1 L^2 T^-3].
Unit 5: Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body
- Which of the following quantities is conserved in an inelastic collision?
A) Kinetic energy
B) Momentum
C) Velocity
D) Energy
Answer: B) Momentum
Explanation: In an inelastic collision, momentum is conserved, but kinetic energy is not. - The center of mass of a system of particles moves:
A) In a random direction
B) With constant velocity
C) With constant acceleration
D) At the same speed as the particles
Answer: B) With constant velocity
Explanation: The center of mass of a system moves with constant velocity if no external force acts on the system. - The moment of inertia of a body depends on:
A) Mass
B) Shape
C) Axis of rotation
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: The moment of inertia depends on the mass distribution, shape, and the axis about which the body rotates. - Which of the following has the smallest moment of inertia about its axis of rotation?
A) Solid sphere
B) Solid disk
C) Thin ring
D) Hollow cylinder
Answer: A) Solid sphere
Explanation: A solid sphere has the smallest moment of inertia compared to the other bodies listed, as it distributes mass closest to the axis of rotation. - If a force is applied tangentially to a rotating body, it produces:
A) Linear motion
B) Angular velocity
C) Angular acceleration
D) No motion
Answer: C) Angular acceleration
Explanation: A tangential force applied to a rotating body will produce angular acceleration.
Unit 6: Gravitation
- The force of attraction between two masses is directly proportional to:
A) The product of their masses
B) The sum of their masses
C) The distance between them
D) The difference of their masses
Answer: A) The product of their masses
Explanation: According to Newton’s law of gravitation, the force is proportional to the product of the two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. - The value of gravitational acceleration (g) at the equator is:
A) Less than at the poles
B) Equal to that at the poles
C) Greater than at the poles
D) Zero
Answer: A) Less than at the poles
Explanation: Due to the Earth’s rotation and its oblate shape, gravitational acceleration is slightly less at the equator than at the poles. - Kepler’s third law of planetary motion is:
A) The square of the orbital period is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis
B) The orbital period is proportional to the radius
C) The speed of the planet is constant
D) The force between two planets is constant
Answer: A) The square of the orbital period is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis
Explanation: Kepler’s third law states that the square of a planet’s orbital period is proportional to the cube of its average distance from the Sun. - The gravitational potential energy of an object at height h is:
A) Zero
B) mgh
C) mg/h
D) mgh²
Answer: B) mgh
Explanation: The gravitational potential energy is calculated by the formula U = mgh, where m is mass, g is gravitational acceleration, and h is height. - The escape velocity at the surface of the Earth is approximately:
A) 5 km/s
B) 7 km/s
C) 11 km/s
D) 15 km/s
Answer: C) 11 km/s
Explanation: The escape velocity at the Earth’s surface is approximately 11.2 km/s, which is the minimum speed required for an object to escape Earth’s gravitational field.
Unit 7: Thermodynamics
- Which of the following is not a state function?
A) Internal energy
B) Enthalpy
C) Heat
D) Entropy
Answer: C) Heat
Explanation: Heat is not a state function because it depends on the path taken, whereas internal energy, enthalpy, and entropy are state functions. - The first law of thermodynamics is a statement of the conservation of:
A) Energy
B) Mass
C) Momentum
D) Heat
Answer: A) Energy
Explanation: The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another. - Which process does not change the entropy of a system?
A) Isothermal expansion
B) Adiabatic compression
C) Isobaric heating
D) Isovolumetric heating
Answer: B) Adiabatic compression
Explanation: In an adiabatic process, no heat is exchanged, and entropy remains constant. - In an isothermal process, the change in internal energy of the system is:
A) Zero
B) Positive
C) Negative
D) Equal to the heat supplied
Answer: A) Zero
Explanation: In an isothermal process, the temperature remains constant, so the change in internal energy is zero. - Which of the following is a perfectly reversible process?
A) Free expansion of a gas
B) Isothermal expansion of an ideal gas
C) Spontaneous heat flow from hot to cold
D) Combustion of fuel
Answer: B) Isothermal expansion of an ideal gas
Explanation: The isothermal expansion of an ideal gas can be reversed by a small change in conditions, making it a reversible process.
Unit 8: Behaviour of Perfect Gas and Kinetic Theory
- In an ideal gas, the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature is given by:
A) Boyle’s Law
B) Charles’s Law
C) Avogadro’s Law
D) Ideal Gas Law
Answer: D) Ideal Gas Law
Explanation: The Ideal Gas Law, PV=nRTPV = nRTPV=nRT, describes the relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles of an ideal gas. - The temperature at which the volume of a gas would theoretically become zero is called:
A) Absolute zero
B) Standard temperature
C) Critical temperature
D) Room temperature
Answer: A) Absolute zero
Explanation: Absolute zero is the theoretical temperature (0 K) at which the volume of an ideal gas would reach zero and the gas particles would stop moving. - According to the kinetic theory of gases, the average kinetic energy of a gas molecule is directly proportional to:
A) The pressure
B) The temperature
C) The volume
D) The number of molecules
Answer: B) The temperature
Explanation: The average kinetic energy of gas molecules is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas. - Which of the following gases behaves most like an ideal gas?
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Hydrogen
D) Water vapor
Answer: B) Nitrogen
Explanation: Nitrogen, being a small, non-polar molecule with weak intermolecular forces, behaves most like an ideal gas compared to other gases. - In an isothermal process for an ideal gas, the work done by the gas is:
A) Zero
B) Directly proportional to pressure
C) Inversely proportional to pressure
D) Dependent on temperature
Answer: C) Inversely proportional to pressure
Explanation: In an isothermal process, the gas does work by expanding or compressing. Since the temperature is constant, the pressure is inversely proportional to the volume, leading to an inverse relationship between work and pressure.
Unit 9: Behaviour of Perfect Gas and Kinetic Theory
- Which of the following is true about the ideal gas law at very high pressures and low temperatures?
A) The gas behaves ideally
B) The gas exhibits attractive forces
C) The gas exhibits repulsive forces
D) The gas becomes a liquid
Answer: B) The gas exhibits attractive forces
Explanation: At high pressures and low temperatures, the intermolecular forces in real gases become significant, and they deviate from ideal gas behavior, often exhibiting attractive forces. - What is the effect of increasing the temperature of a gas on the average speed of its molecules?
A) The average speed increases
B) The average speed decreases
C) The average speed remains unchanged
D) The speed becomes zero
Answer: A) The average speed increases
Explanation: As the temperature of a gas increases, the average kinetic energy of its molecules increases, which results in an increase in their average speed. - What is the ideal gas law constant, R, in the SI unit system?
A) 8.31 J/mol·K
B) 8.31 N·m/mol·K
C) 0.0821 L·atm/mol·K
D) 8.314 J/mol·K
Answer: D) 8.314 J/mol·K
Explanation: The ideal gas law constant, RRR, is 8.314 J/mol·K in SI units. - The mean free path of a gas molecule is the distance it travels before:
A) It collides with another molecule
B) It changes its direction
C) It reaches the container wall
D) It undergoes chemical reaction
Answer: A) It collides with another molecule
Explanation: The mean free path is the average distance a molecule of gas travels before colliding with another molecule. - In a gas, if the pressure is doubled and the temperature is halved, what happens to the volume?
A) Volume remains the same
B) Volume is doubled
C) Volume is halved
D) Volume is quartered
Answer: C) Volume is halved
Explanation: According to the ideal gas law, P∝1VP \propto \frac{1}{V}P∝V1 at constant temperature. Doubling the pressure and halving the temperature leads to halving the volume.
Unit 10: Oscillations and Waves
- The period of a simple pendulum depends on:
A) The amplitude
B) The mass of the pendulum
C) The length of the pendulum
D) The acceleration due to gravity
Answer: C) The length of the pendulum
Explanation: The period of a simple pendulum is given by the formula T=2πLgT = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{L}{g}}T=2πgL, meaning it depends on the length of the pendulum and the acceleration due to gravity, but not on the amplitude or mass. - In simple harmonic motion, the restoring force is always:
A) In the direction of displacement
B) Opposite to the direction of displacement
C) Zero
D) Equal to the acceleration
Answer: B) Opposite to the direction of displacement
Explanation: In simple harmonic motion, the restoring force is always opposite to the direction of displacement, which is why it brings the object back towards the equilibrium position. - The frequency of a sound wave is measured in:
A) Hertz
B) Watts
C) Amperes
D) Decibels
Answer: A) Hertz
Explanation: The frequency of a wave is measured in hertz (Hz), which represents the number of oscillations or cycles per second. - The speed of sound in air is primarily affected by:
A) The pressure
B) The density of the air
C) The humidity
D) The temperature
Answer: D) The temperature
Explanation: The speed of sound in air increases with temperature because higher temperatures increase the energy of the air molecules, allowing them to transmit sound faster. - The principle of superposition applies to:
A) Only sound waves
B) Only light waves
C) All types of waves
D) Only mechanical waves
Answer: C) All types of waves
Explanation: The principle of superposition states that when two or more waves meet, the resultant displacement is the algebraic sum of the displacements of the individual waves. It applies to all types of waves.
This collection of 50 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) is designed to help Class 11 Physics students test their understanding of key concepts across various chapters. Each question is followed by a detailed explanation to facilitate a deeper grasp of the topics. Understanding these concepts will provide a solid foundation for further studies in Physics. Happy studying!
Also Read This: Comprehensive MCQs on Percentages: Test Your Skills with Basic to Advanced Questions
You may also like to read this: DBMS MCQs for Exams
Sidhant Singh is a highly accomplished professional educator with a diverse academic background. He holds a Master’s degree in History, an MSc in Electrical Engineering and a PhD, demonstrating his extensive knowledge and expertise in both the humanities and the sciences. His unique combination of skills enables him to offer a well-rounded perspective in his teaching and research, making him a valuable resource for students across various fields.